Sindhi entered the New Indo-Aryan stage around the 10th century CE. 20th century Western scholars such as George Abraham Grierson believed that Sindhi descended specifically from the Vrācaḍa dialect of Apabhramsha (described by Markandeya as being spoken in Sindhu-deśa, corresponding to modern Sindh) but later work has shown this to be unlikely. Like other languages of the Indo-Aryan family, Sindhi is descended from Old Indo-Aryan ( Sanskrit) via Middle Indo-Aryan ( Pali, secondary Prakrits, and Apabhramsha). The name "Sindhi" is derived from the Sanskrit síndhu, the original name of the Indus River, along whose delta Sindhi is spoken. Modern Sindhi was promoted under British rule beginning in 1843, which led to the current status of the language in independent Pakistan after 1947. A substantial body of Sindhi literature developed during the Medieval period, the most famous of which is the religious and mystic poetry of Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai from the 18th century.
Sindhi was one of the first Indo-Aryan languages to encounter influence from Persian and Arabic following the Umayyad conquest in 712 CE. Sindhi has an attested history from the 10th century CE. In India, both the Perso-Arabic script and Devanagari are used. The main writing system is the Perso-Arabic script, which accounts for the majority of the Sindhi literature and is the only one currently used in Pakistan. It is also spoken by a further 1.7 million people in India, where it is a scheduled language, without any state-level official status. Sindhi ( English pronunciation: / ˈ s ɪ n d i/ Sindhi: سِنڌِي ( Perso-Arabic) ( Devanagari): सिन्धी Sindhi pronunciation: ) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by about 30 million people in the Pakistani province of Sindh, where it has official status. Without proper rendering support, you may see unjoined letters or other symbols instead of Sindhi script. This article contains Sindhi text, written from right to left with some letters joined.
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